The Root [Kh-R-J] and Its Derivatives in the Qur'anic Context: "A Semantic and Morphological Study"

Abstract

This research aimed to study the root (khāʾ-rāʾ-jīm) in the Qur'anic context. The motivation for this study was its abundant occurrence, as it appears in its various derivatives one hundred and seventy-seven times. These derivatives included: the simple past tense verb in the active voice (kharaja), its present tense (yakhruju), its present tense passive (ukhrija), its imperative (ukhruj), its verbal nouns (kharj) and (khurūj), its active participle (khārij), its passive participle (mukhraj), its maṣdar mīmī (makhraj) – which can also function as a noun of place for the trilateral root – and an explicit noun on the pattern faʿāl (kharāj).

It also appeared in forms augmented with the hamza: (akhraja), its present tense (yukhriju), its imperative (akhrij), its verbal noun (īkhrāj), a maṣdar mīmī on the pattern mufʿal (mukhraj), and its active participle (mukhrij). Furthermore, it occurred in the past tense augmented with three letters (istakhraja) and its present tense (yastakhriju).

Due to the root's diversity of meaning in the Qur'anic context and the variation in the grammatical position (al-maḥall al-iʿrābī) of the sentences in which it occurs, the research operated on three levels: semantic, morphological, and syntactic. The research also aimed to contribute a scientific study to the field of linguistic studies derived from the Holy Qur'an. The methodology was descriptive-analytical, involving the enumeration of all occurrences of the root, elucidating its meaning through classical Arabic dictionaries and books of exegesis (tafsīr), and subsequently conducting morphological and syntactic analyses